Nouvelle Technologie

1. HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle) Powertrain: Uses both a gasoline engine and an electric motor. Battery: Small battery charged through regenerative braking and the gasoline engine. Fuel Source: Gasoline-only (battery assists but does not provide independent propulsion). Charging: Cannot be plugged in; relies on the engine and regenerative braking for recharging. Operation: Runs primarily on the gasoline engine. The electric motor assists in improving fuel efficiency and reducing emissions. At low speeds or short distances, it may run purely on the electric motor, but not for long.  Example Models:  ✅️Toyota Prius (HEV), Honda Accord Hybrid (Global) ✅️ Honda City Hybrid eHev , Toyota Innova Hycross 2. PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle) Powertrain: Uses both a gasoline engine and a larger electric motor than HEVs. Battery: Larger battery than HEVs, allowing for independent electric-only driving. Fuel Source: Uses both gasoline and electricity. Can run on electric...

An engine operates by burning a fuel-air mixture, which expands and exerts pressure. If more air is introduced, the pressure on the piston increases, resulting in greater power output. This process is known as cylinder charging. However, in a naturally aspirated (non-turbo) engine, there is a limit to how much cylinder charging can be increased under atmospheric pressure. Various methods have been developed to improve cylinder charging efficiency. Why does cylinder charging decrease? In a 4-stroke engine, the fuel-air mixture enters through the intake valve during the intake stroke. The intake valve opens to allow air to enter the cylinder and closes at the end of the stroke. However, since an engine completes a cycle in just milliseconds, the time available for the intake valve to remain open is very short, especially at high RPMs. When an engine runs at high speeds, there isn't enough time to fully fill the cylinder with air, leading to reduced pressure on the piston ...